In its response to the European Commission’s Call for Evidence , INESC Brussels HUB, on behalf of the INESC group, welcomes the creation of a Single Basic Act (SBA) for Joint Undertakings under Horizon Europe 2028–2034 as a way to bring legal certainty, harmonised rules and cross-sector synergies. INESC institutes stress that the reform should strengthen, not narrow, the role of research-performing organisations, which provide the scientific and technological base the partnerships depend on. As an operator of research and technology infrastructures across critical technologies, INESC calls for Joint Undertakings organised around technology communities rather than ECF policy windows, and opposes a fixed minimum Union contribution threshold. It sets out three asks: keep coverage across TRLs, fully recognise in-kind contributions, and make sure uneven national co-funding does not become a barrier to participation.