INESC institutes welcome the European Commission’s ambition to establish a European Innovation Act (EIA), but argue that it must go beyond the familiar calls for more start-ups, venture capital and spin-offs. Europe already produces excellent science. What it lacks is a working market for research services, infrastructures and the capacity to turn research into innovation. Drawing on its experience as a leading Portuguese RTOs, INESC institutes propose five measures to let RTOs sell their services across borders, make research and technology infrastructures bookable European capacity, and help less-developed regions build that translation capacity, so the EIA delivers both competitiveness and cohesion.