INESC supports the ERA Act’s ambition to make the 3% R&D investment target a reality, and urges that competitiveness go hand in hand with widening and cohesion. Drawing on its experience as Portugal’s leading RTO ecosystem, INESC calls for a binding 3% target backed by national and regional investment roadmaps, stronger alignment of EU, national and regional R&I agendas through an EU R&I Semester, and research and technology infrastructures designed as tools for cohesion. It also proposes a common ERA Career Framework for researchers, harmonised open science combined with EU-wide research security protocols, and a European mechanism anchored in FP10 to carry knowledge from research through to market and societal uptake.