The final report of the 2025 INESC Brussels HUB Summer Meeting captures the key proceedings, themes, and takeaways from this high-level event, held in Brussels on June 25–26, 2025, both in person and online. The meeting generated strong momentum, bringing together high-level speakers and over 200 in-person participants to address one of Europe’s most urgent strategic challenges: how to develop a coherent and forward-looking research and innovation (R&I) system capable of safeguarding European sovereignty amid growing geopolitical and technological uncertainties.