In this position paper, INESC TEC, the leading Research and Technology Organisation in Portugal, sets out its recommendations for the 10th Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (FP10, 2028–2034), to support Europe’s ambition to become a global leader in innovation and technology. It argues that technological sovereignty and economic resilience depend on a well-coordinated, forward-looking R&I agenda that tackles societal challenges such as climate change, digital transformation and public health. The recommendations are organised around four dimensions: strategic global leadership, development and sustainability of ecosystems, forward-looking funding, and excellence in implementation.